4.

Annika Neklason, “California Is Running Out of Inmates to Fight Its Fires,” Atlantic, 7 December 2017, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/12/how-much-longer-will-inmates-fight-californias-wildfires/547628/. 

The article linked above provides an introduction to how California uses incarcerated labor to fight its wildfires and the history of the program. The Thomas Fire fighting team included incarcerated firefighters from Nevada. This labor has direct connections to the ways the US maintains particular forms of slavery that disproportionately impact Black communities and other communities of color as legal in the prison complex via the 13th Amendment.

A fire fighter stands beside a helicopter, preparing it to extinguish fires. Image from Unsplash: Images for Everyone